When bacteria are left to build up on teeth, they form a sticky substance called plaque. If you don’t remove it with regular brushing and cleaning in between your teeth, plaque can harden into a crusty coating called tartar. When this happens, gums become irritated and can start to bleed when you brush or floss. If gum disease is caught in the early stages, it’s reversible with regular oral hygiene and treatment from your oral health professional.

If gum disease is left untreated, it progresses to periodontitis. In this stage, bacteria have seeped underneath the gums and reached the bones that support your teeth. Gums may start to pull away from your teeth, creating pockets that fill with plaque and make it harder for toothbrushes and floss to reach. You may also notice bad breath and pus around your gumline. This damage can lead to bone and tissue loss, causing teeth to loosen or fall out.

Understanding Gum Disease and How to Prevent It

Research suggests that severe gum disease increases your risk of other serious health conditions, such as heart disease and stroke. It can also be a contributing factor to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia, and pregnancy complications like low birth weight.

It’s important to brush twice a day, for at least 3 minutes each time (or the length of your favorite song!) floss daily, as well as getting regular dental checkups. This will help reduce the risk of gum disease, and your oral health professional can show you the best ways to do it. You can also improve your chances of preventing gum disease by quitting smoking and eating a healthy diet that’s low in processed sugary foods.